Day 47 of My Journey from 64 to 65 ProArgi9+ Scientific Research

HEALTH BENEFITS OF L-ARGININE – SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INCLUDED

The following report highlights health benefits of increased L-arginine in the human body, backed by published research.  L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid produced in the liver and kidneys.  It is found in protein-rich foods like red meat.

Yesterday we looked at the digestive system, excretory system and immune system which given the Pandemic is something that we should all be looking after better than we do. As I have also mentioned this is based on research carried out by the people listed at the end of this article who are much more qualified than I am.

My job is to research articles and there are thousands of them and give the best information I can to encourage you to #lookharder, ask questions and know more about why ProArgi9+ is probably the best food supplement available today anywhere in the world. The only one known to produce the correct amount of Nitric Oxide over an extended period of time which is a great benefit to those that take ProArgi9+ on a daily basis. L-Arginine It is found in protein-rich foods like red meat.  Today I’m covering metabolism and the musculoskeletal system Medical research has now shown that supplementation with adequate amounts of  L-arginine facilitates the following:

Metabolism

In human metabolism, L-arginine:

  • deficiency can result in alkalosis . (47)
  • exerts antioxidant effects that scavenge superoxide free radicals. (48)
  • lowers total serum cholesterol levels. (49)
  • lowers serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. (50)
  • inhibits the process of cross-linking. (51)
  • reduces insulin resistance and improves blood sugar disposal in type 2 diabetic patients. (52)
  • reduces insulin resistance. (53)
  • improves diabetes and reverses damage caused by diabetes. (54)
  • may prevent diabetes. (55)
  • increases oxygen uptake in the lungs in persons with hypoxia (due to its role in nitric oxide production, which improves blood circulation via vasodilation). (57)
  • improves asthma. (58)
  • helps to detoxify the liver and alleviates cirrhosis. Liver malfunction can occur as a result of L-arginine deficiency. (59)
  • lowers elevated serum triglyceride levels. (60)
  • alleviates obesity and facilitates weight loss (by stimulating the release of human growth hormone (HGH) from the pituitary gland). (61)

 Musculoskeletal System

In the musculoskeletal system, L-arginine:

  • facilitates the healing of fractures. (62)
  • facilitates muscle growth (by inhibiting muscle loss) and is required for the transport of nitrogen used in muscle metabolism. (63)
  • deficiency may result in muscle weakness . (64)
  • may prevent and alleviate osteoporosis (by stimulating HGH release, which is an important mediator of bone formation and bone turnover; it also stimulates nitric oxide synthesis, which is a potent inhibitor of osteoclasts that cause the resorption of bone). (65)
  • as a precursor for nitric oxide production, causes the relaxation of smooth muscle. (66)
  • improves muscle performance. (67)
  • improves glucose uptake into muscle cells. (68)


RESEARCH

  1. Radner, Wlk et al. Arginine reduces kidney collagen accumulation and N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine in the aging NMRO-mouse. J Gerontol. 49(2): M44-M46, 1994.
  2. Gianotti, L., Macario, M., Lanfranco, F., et al. Arginine counteracts the inhibitory effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I on the somatotroph responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct; 85(10): 3604-8.
  3. Ceremuzynski, L., et al. Effect of supplemental oral arginine on exercise capacity in patients with stable angina pectoris.  AM J Cardiol. 80:331-333, 1997.
  4. Adams, R., R., et al. Oral arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilatation and reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in young men with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis, 1 29(2): 261-269, 1997.
  5. Adams, M., R., et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with increased human monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells: reversibility with oral arginine but not vitamin C. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 29(3): 491-497, 1997.
  6. Huk, I., et al. Arginine treatment alters the kinetics of nitric oxide and superoxide release and reduces ischemic/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Circulation. 97:667-675, 1997.
  7. Drexler, H., et al. Correction of endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation of hypercholesterolaemic patients by arginine. The Lancet. 338:1546-50, 1991.
  8. Huk, I., et al. Arginine treatment alters the kinetics of nitric oxide and superoxide release and reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Circulation. 97:667-675, 1997.
  9. Kolfman, B., et al. Improvement of cardiac performance by intravenous infusion of l-arginine in patients with moderate congestive heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 26(5): 1251-6, 1995.
  10. Quyyumi, A. Does acute improvement of endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease improve myocardial ischemia? Journal of American College of Cardiology. 1998 Oct; 32(4): 904-11.
  11. Khosh, F. Natural approach to hypertension. Alternative Medicine Review. 6(6), 2001.
  12. Sisic, D., Francishetti, A., Frolich, E. Prolonged arginine on cardiovascular mass and myocardial hemodynamics and collagen in aged spontaneously hypertensive and normal rats. Hypertension 1999 Jan; 33(1 Pt 2): 451-5.
  13. Nakaki, T., et al. Arginine induced hypotension. Lancet. 1990 Oct 20; 336(8721): 1016-7.
  14. Nagaya, N., et al. Short-term oral administration of arginine improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine. 163(4): 887-891, 2001.
  15. Roberts, A. et al. Nutraceuticals: The Complete Encyclopedia of Supplements, Herbs, Vitamins and Healing Foods. Berkely Publishing Group. New York, USA. 2001: 319.
  16. Maxwell, A., Anderson, B., Zapien, M., Cooke, J. Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is reversed by nutritional product designed to enhance nitric oxide activity. Cardiovascular Drugs Therapy. 2000 Jun; 14(3): 309-16.
  17. Maxwell, A., Anderson, B., Cooke, J. Nutritional therapy for peripheral artery disease. Vascular Medicine. 2000; 5(1): 11-19.
  18. Wallace, A., Ratcliffe, M., Galinez, D., Kong, J. Arginine infusion dilates coronary vasculature in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999 Jun; 90(6): 1 577-8.
  19. Bode-Boger, S. Boger, R., et al. Differential inhibition of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane A 2 formation by arginine in vivo and in vitro. Arch Pharmacology. 1998; 357: 143-150.
  20. Le Yorneau, T., Van Belle, E., Corseaux, D., et al. Role of nitric oxide in re-stenosis after experimental balloon angioplasty in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 1999 Mar; 33(3): 8876-82.
  21. Suematsu, Y., Ohtsuka, T., et al. Arginine given after ischemic preconditioning can enhance cardio protection in isolated rat hearts. European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2001, Jun; 19(6): 873-9.
  22. Hambrecht, R., et al. Correction of endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure: additional effects of exercise training and oral arginine supplementation. Journal of American College of Cardiology. 2000 Mar 1; 35(3): 706-1 3.
  23. Bode-Boger, S., Boger, R., et al. Arginine induces nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in patients with critical limb ischemia. A randomized, controlled study. Circulation. 1996 Jan 1; 93(1): 85-90.
  24. Miller, A., The pathogenesis, clinical implication, and treatment of intestinal hyperpermeability. Alternative Medicine Review. 2(5): 330-345, 1997.
  25. Segala, M. (editor). Disease Prevention and Treatment 3rd Life Extension Media. Florida, USA, 2000; 202.
  26. Sahin A., Atalik, K., Gunel, E., Dogan, N. Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic responses of the human colon smooth muscle and the role of K+ channels in these responses. Methods Find Ex Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jan-Feb; 23(1): 13-7.
  27. Khattab, M., Gad, M., Abdallah, D. Protective role of nitric oxide in indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration by a mechanism independent of gastric acid secretion. Pharmacol Res. 2001 May; 43(5): 463-7.
  28. Thomas, S., Ramachandran A., Patra, S., et al. Nitric oxide protects the intestine from the damage induced by laparotomy and gut manipulation. Journal of Surg Res. 2001 Jul; 99(1): 25-32.
  29. Vallet, B. Microthrombosis in sepsis. Minerva Anesthesiol. 2001 Apr; 67(4): 298-301.
  30. Smith, S., et al. Improvement in interstitial cystitis symptoms scores during treatment with oral arginine. Journal of Urology. 158(3 Part 1): 703-708, 1997.
  31. Reckelhoff, J., et al. Long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine prevents age-related reduction in renal function. American Journal of Physiology. 272 (6 Part 2): R1 768-R1 774, 1997.
  32. Field, C., et al. Glutamine and arginine: immunonutrients for improved health. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 32LSuppl) S377-88, 2000.
  33. Reynolds, J., et al. Immunologic effects of arginine supplementation in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing hosts. Annals of Surgery. 211:202-209, 19.
  34. Cha-Chung, Y. Arrest of mammary tumor growth by L-arginine. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 95:1306-1313, 1980.
  35. Weisburger, J. Prevention by arginine glutamate of the carcinogenicity of acetamide in rates. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 14: 163-175, 1969.
  36. Rettura, G., et al. Supplemental arginine increases thymis cellularity in normal and murine sarcoma virus-inoculated mice and increases the resistance to murine sarcoma virus tumour. J Par Ent Nutr. 3: 409-416, 1979.
  37. Heys, D., et al. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine: Modulation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with colorectal cancer. British Journal of Surgery. 1997 Feb; 84(2): 238-41.
  38. Kirk, S., et al. Arginine stimulates wound healing and immune function in elderly human beings. Surgery. 11 4(2): 155-159, 1993.
  39. Blechman, S., et al. L-arginine boosts the immune system. Muscular Development. 38(10): 72, 2001.
  40. Barbul, A., et al. Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune response in health human beings. Surgery. 90: 224-251, 1981.
  41. Ochoa, J., et al. Effects of L-arginine on the proliferation of T lymphocyte subpopulations. Journal of Parenteral Enteral Nutrition. 25: 23-29, 2001.
  42. Moriguchi, S., et al. Functional changes in human lymphocytes and monocytes after in vitro incubation with arginine. Nutrition Research. 7: 719-729, 1987.
  43. Dean, W. The neuroendocrine theory of aging part IV: the immune homeostat. Vitamin Research News. October 1999.
  44. Efron, D., et al. Modulation of inflammation and immunity by arginine supplements. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1: 531-538, 1998.
  45. Wilmore, D., The effect of glutamine supplementation in patients following elective surgery and accidental injury. Journal of Nutrition. 131 (9 Supplement): 2543S-2549S, 2001.
  46. Morric, C., Kuypers, F., et al. Patterns of arginine and nitric oxide in patients with sickle cell disease with vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome. Journal of Ped Hemat/Onc. 2000 Nov-Dec; 22(6): 5-20.
  47. Braverman, E. The Healing Nutrients Within. Keats Publishing. New Canaan, Connecticut, USA. 1997: 221.
  48. Wascher, T., et al. Vascular effects of L-arginine: Anything beyond a substrate for NO synthase? Biochem Biophys Res Com. 234: 35-38, 1997.
  49. Rossitch, E., et al. L-arginine normalizes endothelial function in cerebral vessels from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 87 (4): 1295-299, 1991.
  50. Ryzenhov, V., et al. Action of arginine on the lipid and lipoprotein content in blood serum of animals. Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimi. 30(6): 76-80, 1984.
  51. Radner, W., et al. L-arginine reduces kidney collagen accumulation and N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine in the aging NMRI-mouse. Journal of Gerontology. 49 (2): M44-M46, 1994.
  52. Piatti, P.m et al. Long-term oral L-arginine administration improves peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 24(5): 875-880, 2001.
  53. Wascher, T., et al. Effects of low-dose L-arginine on insulin mediated vasodilation and insulin sensitivity. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 27: 690-695, 1997.
  54. Giugliana, D., et al. Vascular effects of acute hyperglycemia are reversed by L-arginine. Circulation. 1997; 95 (7): 1783-90.
  55. Mohan, I., Cas, U. Effects of arginine-nitric oxide system on chemical induced diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Mid. 1998 Nov 1; 25(7): 757-65.
  56. Arginine improves blood flow and exercise capacity. Life Enhancement. February 2002; 23-26.
  57. Beall, C., et al. Pulmonary nitric oxide in mountain dwellers. Nature. 414(6862): 411-412, 2001.
  58. De Gouw, H., Verbruggen, M., Twiss, I., Sterk, P. Effect of oral arginine on airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine in asthma. Thorax. 1999 Nov; 54(11): 1033-5.
  59. Moss, R., Cancer Therapy: The Independent Consumer’s Guide to Non-Toxic Treatment & Prevention. Equinox Press, Brooklyn, New York, USA. 1992; 285-287.
  60. Khedara, A., Kawai, Y., Kayashita, J., Kato, N. Feeding rats the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-N(omega)nitroarginine, elevates serum triglycerides and cholesterol and lowers hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Journal of Nutrition. 1996 Oct; 126(10): 2563-7.
  61. Gianotti, L., Macario, M., Lanfranco, F, et al. Arginine counteracts the inhibitory effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I on the somatotroph responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone in humans. Journal of Clinicial Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct; 85(10): 3604-8.
  62. Ashish, D., et al. Nitric oxide modulates fracture healing. Journal of bone and Mineral Research. 1 5(2): 342-351, 2000.
  63. Barbul, A. Arginine: biochemistry, physiology, and therapeutic implications. Journal of Parent Ent Nutrition. 10: 227-228, 1986.
  64. Braverman, E. The Healing Nutrients Within. Keats Publishing, New Canaan, Connecticut, USA. 1997; 220.
  65. Visser, J., et al. L-arginine supplementation in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Medical Hypotheses. 43(5): 339-342, 1994.
  66. L-arginine improves blood flow and exercise capacity. Life Enhancement. February 2002; 23-26.
  67. Stevens, B., Godfrey, M., Kaminski, T., Braith, R. High intensity dynamic human muscle performance enhanced by a metabolic intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Dec; 32(1 2): 2102-04.
  68. Bradley, S., Kingwell, B., McConell, G. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reduces leg glucose uptake but not blood flow during dynamic exercise in humans. Diabetes. 1999 Sep; 48(9): 1815-21.

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